Direct Teaching is “A model of instruction in which the teacher is a strong leader who structures the classroom and sequences subject matter to reflect a clear academic focus. The model emphasizes the importance of a structured lesson in which presentation of new information is followed by student practice and teacher feedback (Sadker and Zittleman 387).”
Within direct teaching there are six principles and they are; Daily Review, New Material, Guided Practice, Specific Feedback, Independent Practice, and Weekly and Monthly Reviews.
Let us start with Daily Review, this just means before the teacher begins the lesson of the day they will review previously learned material, the teacher will focus a lot on homework and making sure students understand the material before moving on.
Second is New Material, this is where the teacher focuses a lot on letting students know the objectives that they will be learning as well as breaking down the information that they are learning into smaller pieces in order to learn it quicker.
Third we have Guided Practice, this is just how it sounds, students learn with teacher supervision using their newly learned skills.
Fourth we have Specific Feedback; Specific Feedback is where students receive immediate feedback to both their incorrect answers as well as their correct answers. The incorrect answers are corrected immediately so that errors do not become a habit. Frequently wrong answers tell the teacher that her/his students are not yet ready for independent practice.
Independent Practice is the fifth principle and it is very similar to guided practice besides with independent practice student’s work by themselves at home or at school.
The sixth and final principle of Direct Teaching is Weekly and Monthly reviews, this is simply where the teacher does regular reviews that give students another chance to practice.
Cooperative Learning is when students work on activities in small groups, and they receive rewards based on the overall group performance (Sadker and Zittleman 388).” Cooperative learning works best when students are learning in groups that are heterogeneous and are small. The students should be in a circle in order to have face-to-face interaction. The rewards are earned only if the entire group reaches the goal this ensures that students work together in order to help each other learn the material. This is used in the classroom simply by letting students work in small groups; this can be used in any subject and any grade level.
Mastery Learning is, “an educational practice in which an individual demonstrates mastery of one task before moving on to the next (Sadker and Zittleman 389).” In this learning process the students do not worry about passing their current grade but rather working at their own pace and rising to their own level of learning. With this model it relies on instructional alignment which is the relation between what the teacher teaches the students and what the students are testing on. This model is great to incorporate technology with because computers allow students to work at their own pace. They also have a self-assessment feature where students can learn and take tests on the computer which would make it easier on both the student and the teacher due to the fact the student will know right away if they have the right answers and the teachers can see if the student understands and is excelling within the program.
Problem-Based Learning is, “An approach that builds a curriculum around intriguing real-life problems and asks students to work cooperatively to develop and demonstrate their solutions (Sadker and Zittleman 391).” The principles of this learning model are, learner cooperation, higher-order thinking, cross-disciplinary work, artifacts and exhibits, and authentic learning. This model gives students real-life situation that they must work together or individually to solve. Such as pollution students are giving the problem of pollution or littering around their school building they must then brain storm ideas in order to solve this problem. Students could come up with the idea to pick up trash or to start a recycling program at their school. Or to try to come up with other ideas to be green within their school and at home.
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